1. 引言
基于浏览器的文件上传,特别是对于通过<input type="file">标签来实现上传的情况, 存在着严重的性能问题,因为用户提交了文件之后,在浏览器把文件上传到服务器的过程中,界面看上去似乎是静止的,如果是小文件还好些,如果不幸需要上传的是几兆、几十兆甚至上百兆的文件,我相信那是一种非常痛苦的体验,我们中间的很多人应该都有过此种不堪的经历。(一笑)
现在我就针对这个问题给出一个解决方案,我们将实现一个具有监控能力的WEB上传的程序——它不仅把文件上传到服务器,而且"实时地"监视文件上传的实际过程。
解决方案的基本思路是这样的:
- 在Form提交上传文件同时,使用AJAX周期性地从Servlet轮询上传状态信息
- 然后,根据此信息更新进度条和相关文字,及时反映文件传输状态
- 如果用户取消上传操作,则进行相应的现场清理工作:删除已经上传的文件,在Form提交页面中显示相关信息
- 如果上传完毕,显示已经上传的文件内容(或链接)
在介绍源代码之前,我们先来看看程序运行界面:
2. 实现代码
实现代码想当然的有服务器端代码和客户端代码(呵呵),我们先从服务器端开始。
2.1. 服务器端代码
2.1.1. 文件上传状态类(FileUploadStatus)
使用FileUploadStatus这个类记录文件上传状态,并将其作为服务器端与web客户端之间通信的媒介,通过对这个类对象提供上传状态作为服务器回应发送给web客户端, web客户端使用JavaScript获得文件上传状态。源代码如下: /**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
import java.util.*;
public class FileUploadStatus {
//上传用户地址
private String uploadAddr;
//上传总量
private long uploadTotalSize = 0;
//读取上传总量
private long readTotalSize = 0;
//当前上传文件号
private int currentUploadFileNum = 0;
//成功读取上传文件数
private int successUploadFileCount = 0;
//状态
private String status = "";
//处理起始时间
private long processStartTime = 0l;
//处理终止时间
private long processEndTime = 0l;
//处理执行时间
private long processRunningTime = 0l;
//上传文件URL列表
private List uploadFileUrlList = new ArrayList();
//取消上传
private boolean cancel = false;
//上传base目录
private String baseDir = "";
public FileUploadStatus() {
}
public String getBaseDir() {
return baseDir;
}
public void setBaseDir(String baseDir) {
this.baseDir = baseDir;
}
public boolean getCancel() {
return cancel;
}
public void setCancel(boolean cancel) {
this.cancel = cancel;
}
public List getUploadFileUrlList() {
return uploadFileUrlList;
}
public void setUploadFileUrlList(List uploadFileUrlList) {
this.uploadFileUrlList = uploadFileUrlList;
}
public long getProcessRunningTime() {
return processRunningTime;
}
public void setProcessRunningTime(long processRunningTime) {
this.processRunningTime = processRunningTime;
}
public long getProcessEndTime() {
return processEndTime;
}
public void setProcessEndTime(long processEndTime) {
this.processEndTime = processEndTime;
}
public long getProcessStartTime() {
return processStartTime;
}
public void setProcessStartTime(long processStartTime) {
this.processStartTime = processStartTime;
}
public long getReadTotalSize() {
return readTotalSize;
}
public void setReadTotalSize(long readTotalSize) {
this.readTotalSize = readTotalSize;
}
public int getSuccessUploadFileCount() {
return successUploadFileCount;
}
public void setSuccessUploadFileCount(int successUploadFileCount) {
this.successUploadFileCount = successUploadFileCount;
}
public int getCurrentUploadFileNum() {
return currentUploadFileNum;
}
public void setCurrentUploadFileNum(int currentUploadFileNum) {
this.currentUploadFileNum = currentUploadFileNum;
}
public String getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}
public long getUploadTotalSize() {
return uploadTotalSize;
}
public String getUploadAddr() {
return uploadAddr;
}
public void setUploadTotalSize(long uploadTotalSize) {
this.uploadTotalSize = uploadTotalSize;
}
public void setUploadAddr(String uploadAddr) {
this.uploadAddr = uploadAddr;
}
public String toJSon() {
StringBuffer strJSon = new StringBuffer();
strJSon.append("{UploadTotalSize:").append(getUploadTotalSize()).append(
",")
.append("ReadTotalSize:").append(getReadTotalSize()).append(",")
.append("CurrentUploadFileNum:").append(getCurrentUploadFileNum()).
append(",")
.append("SuccessUploadFileCount:").append(
getSuccessUploadFileCount()).append(",")
.append("Status:'").append(getStatus()).append("',")
.append("ProcessStartTime:").append(getProcessStartTime()).
append(",")
.append("ProcessEndTime:").append(getProcessEndTime()).append(
",")
.append("ProcessRunningTime:").append(getProcessRunningTime()).
append(",")
.append("Cancel:").append(getCancel()).append("}");
return strJSon.toString();
}
}
2.1.2. 文件上传状态侦听类(FileUploadListener)
使用Common-FileUpload 1.2版本(20070103)。此版本提供了能够监视文件上传情况的ProcessListener接口,使开发者通过FileUploadBase类对象的setProcessListener方法植入自己的Listener。 FileUploadListener类实现了ProcessListener,在整个文件上传过程中,它对上传进度进行监控,并且根据上传 情况实时的更新上传状态Bean。源代码如下: /**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
public class FileUploadListener implements ProgressListener{
private HttpServletRequest request=null;
public FileUploadListener(HttpServletRequest request){
this.request=request;
}
/**
* 更新状态
*/
public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems){
FileUploadStatus statusBean= BackGroundService.getStatusBean(request);
statusBean.setUploadTotalSize(pContentLength);
//读取完成
if (pContentLength == -1) {
statusBean.setStatus("完成对" + pItems +"个文件的读取:读取了 " + pBytesRead + " bytes.");
statusBean.setReadTotalSize(pBytesRead);
statusBean.setSuccessUploadFileCount(pItems);
statusBean.setProcessEndTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
statusBean.setProcessRunningTime(statusBean.getProcessEndTime());
//读取中
} else {
statusBean.setStatus("当前正在处理第" + pItems +"个文件:已经读取了 " + pBytesRead + "/" + pContentLength+ " bytes.");
statusBean.setReadTotalSize(pBytesRead);
statusBean.setCurrentUploadFileNum(pItems);
statusBean.setProcessRunningTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
BackGroundService.saveStatusBean(request,statusBean);
}
}
2.1.3. 后台服务类(BackGroundService)
BackGroundService这个Servlet类负责接收Form Post数据、回应状态轮询请求、处理取消文件上传的请求。 尽管可以把这些功能相互分离开来,但为了简单明了,还是将它们放到Servlet中,只是由不同的方法进行分割。 源代码如下: /**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
/**
* Title: 后台服务
* * Description: 为客户端提供上传及文件传输状态查询服务
*
*/
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*;
public class BackGroundService extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet implements
javax.servlet.Servlet {
public static final String UPLOAD_DIR = "/upload";
public static final String DEFAULT_UPLOAD_FAILURE_URL = "./result.jsp";
public BackGroundService() {
super();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,
IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
/**
* 从文件路径中取出文件名
*/
private String takeOutFileName(String filePath) {
int pos = filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator);
if (pos > 0) {
return filePath.substring(pos + 1);
} else {
return filePath;
}
}
/**
* 从request中取出FileUploadStatus Bean
*/
public static FileUploadStatus getStatusBean(
HttpServletRequest request) {
BeanControler beanCtrl = BeanControler.getInstance();
return beanCtrl.getUploadStatus(request.getRemoteAddr());
}
/**
* 把FileUploadStatus Bean保存到类控制器BeanControler
*/
public static void saveStatusBean(
HttpServletRequest request,
FileUploadStatus statusBean) {
statusBean.setUploadAddr(request.getRemoteAddr());
BeanControler beanCtrl = BeanControler.getInstance();
beanCtrl.setUploadStatus(statusBean);
}
/**
* 删除已经上传的文件
*/
private void deleteUploadedFile(HttpServletRequest request) {
FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
for (int i = 0; i < satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().size(); i++) {
File uploadedFile = new File(request.getRealPath(UPLOAD_DIR) +
File.separator +
satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().
get(i));
uploadedFile.delete();
}
satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().clear();
satusBean.setStatus("删除已上传的文件");
saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
}
/**
* 上传过程中出错处理
*/
private void uploadExceptionHandle(
HttpServletRequest request,
String errMsg) throws ServletException, IOException {
//首先删除已经上传的文件
deleteUploadedFile(request);
FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
satusBean.setStatus(errMsg);
saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
}
/**
* 初始化文件上传状态Bean
*/
private FileUploadStatus initStatusBean(HttpServletRequest
request) {
FileUploadStatus satusBean = new FileUploadStatus();
satusBean.setStatus("正在准备处理");
satusBean.setUploadTotalSize(request.getContentLength());
satusBean.setProcessStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
satusBean.setBaseDir(request.getContextPath() + UPLOAD_DIR);
return satusBean;
}
/**
* 处理文件上传
*/
private void processFileUpload(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException {
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
//设置内存缓冲区,超过后写入临时文件
factory.setSizeThreshold(10240000);
//设置临时文件存储位置
factory.setRepository(new File(request.getRealPath("/upload/temp")));
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
//设置单个文件的最大上传值
upload.setFileSizeMax(102400000);
//设置整个request的最大值
upload.setSizeMax(102400000);
upload.setProgressListener(new FileUploadListener(request));
//保存初始化后的FileUploadStatus Bean
saveStatusBean(request, initStatusBean(request));
String forwardURL = "";
try {
List items = upload.parseRequest(request);
//获得返回url
for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) {
FileItem item = (FileItem) items.get(i);
if (item.isFormField()) {
forwardURL = item.getString();
break;
}
}
//处理文件上传
for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) {
FileItem item = (FileItem) items.get(i);
//取消上传
if (getStatusBean(request).getCancel()) {
deleteUploadedFile(request);
break;
}
//保存文件
else if (!item.isFormField() && item.getName().length() > 0) {
String fileName = takeOutFileName(item.getName());
File uploadedFile = new File(request.getRealPath(UPLOAD_DIR) +
File.separator + fileName);
item.write(uploadedFile);
//更新上传文件列表
FileUploadStatus satusBean =
getStatusBean(request);
satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().add(fileName);
saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
Thread.sleep(500);
}
}
} catch (FileUploadException e) {
uploadExceptionHandle(request, "上传文件时发生错误:" + e.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
uploadExceptionHandle(request, "保存上传文件时发生错误:" + e.getMessage());
}
if (forwardURL.length() == 0) {
forwardURL = DEFAULT_UPLOAD_FAILURE_URL;
}
request.getRequestDispatcher(forwardURL).forward(request, response);
}
/**
* 回应上传状态查询
*/
private void responseStatusQuery(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws
IOException {
response.setContentType("text/xml");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
response.getWriter().write(satusBean.toJSon());
}
/**
* 处理取消文件上传
*/
private void processCancelFileUpload(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws
IOException {
FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
satusBean.setCancel(true);
saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
responseStatusQuery(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,
IOException {
boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
if (isMultipart) {
processFileUpload(request, response);
} else {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
if (request.getParameter("uploadStatus") != null) {
responseStatusQuery(request, response);
}
if (request.getParameter("cancelUpload") != null) {
processCancelFileUpload(request, response);
}
}
}
}
2.1.4. 文件上传状态控制类(BeanControler)
这是一个单例类,它的功能是为客户端保存文件上传状态,这里我没有使用Session来存储文件上传状态,因为对于AJAX这种异步调用,服务器会开启不同的Session,所以无法通过Session保存文件上传状态。 我并不认为这种方法最好,如果有更好的方法,欢迎大家一起讨论。 源代码如下: /**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
/**
* Title: 类控制器
*
* Description: 主要作用是对FileUploadStatus进行管理,为客户端提供相应的
* FileUploadStatus类对象。这是一个单例类。
*
*/
import java.util.Vector;
public class BeanControler {
private static BeanControler beanControler = new BeanControler();
private Vector vector = new Vector();
private BeanControler() {
}
public static BeanControler getInstance() {
return beanControler;
}
/**
* 取得相应FileUploadStatus类对象的存储位置
*/
private int indexOf(String strID) {
int nReturn = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
FileUploadStatus status = (FileUploadStatus) vector.elementAt(i);
if (status.getUploadAddr().equals(strID)) {
nReturn = i;
break;
}
}
return nReturn;
}
/**
* 取得相应FileUploadStatus类对象
*/
public FileUploadStatus getUploadStatus(String strID) {
return (FileUploadStatus) vector.elementAt(indexOf(strID));
}
/**
* 存储FileUploadStatus类对象
*/
public void setUploadStatus(FileUploadStatus status) {
int nIndex = indexOf(status.getUploadAddr());
if ( -1 == nIndex) {
vector.add(status);
} else {
vector.insertElementAt(status, nIndex);
vector.removeElementAt(nIndex + 1);
}
}
/**
* 删除FileUploadStatus类对象
*/
public void removeUploadStatus(String strID){
int nIndex = indexOf(strID);
if(-1!=nIndex)
vector.removeElementAt(nIndex);
}
}
2.2. 客户端代码
客户端我们采用Prototype框架。请下载。
2.2.1. AjaxWrapper.js
AjaxWrapper.js对Prototype进行了封装。请下载分析
2.2.2. fileUpload.html
fileUpload.html是文件上传界面。 请下载。
2.2.3. result.jsp
result.jsp是文件上传结果显示界面。 请下载
2.2.4. fileUpload.css
fileUpload.css是样式文件。 源代码如下:
body { color:#000; background-color:white; font:15px Georgia, "Lucida Grande", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing:0.01em; margin:15px; } #controlPanel,#resultPanel{ width:700px; margin:20px auto; padding:25px; border:3px solid gray; -moz-border-radius:10px; background:#f8f8f8; } #errorArea{ width:400px; margin:20px auto; padding:25px; border:3px solid gray; -moz-border-radius:10px; background:red; } #normalMessageArea{ width:400px; margin:20px auto; padding:25px; border:3px solid gray; -moz-border-radius:10px; background:yellow; } #progressBar { padding-top: 5px; } #totalProgressBarBox { width: 350px; height: 20px; border: 1px inset; background: #eee; } #totalProgressBarBoxContent { width: 0; height: 20px; border-right: 1px solid #444; background: #9ACB34; }
2.3. 配置文件
web.xml中完成Servlet的配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>AjaxPractice</display-name> <servlet> <description></description> <display-name>BackGroundService</display-name> <servlet-name>BackGroundService</servlet-name> <servlet-class>liuzuochen.sample.upload.BackGroundService</servlet-class> </servlet>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>BackGroundService</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
3. 结语
整个程序到这里就介绍完了,希望它多少能为您的工作或学习带来点儿帮助。 |