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GROUP_CONCAT语法与实例代码
语法:
GROUP_CONCAT([DISTINCT] expr [,expr ...][ORDER BY {unsigned_integer | col_name | expr}[ASC | DESC] [,col_name ...]][SEPARATOR str_val])
下面演示一下这个函数,先建立一个学生选课表student_courses,并填充一些测试数据。
SQL代码 复制代码 代码如下: CREATE TABLE student_courses ( student_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, courses_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, KEY(student_id) ); INSERT INTO student_courses VALUES (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5);
若要查找学生ID为2所选的课程,则使用下面这条SQL:
SQL代码 复制代码 代码如下: mysql> SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2; +------------+------------+ | student_id | courses_id | +------------+------------+ | 2 | 3 | | 2 | 4 | | 2 | 5 | +------------+------------+ 3 rows IN SET (0.00 sec)
输出结果有3条记录,说明学生ID为2的学生选了3、4、5这3门课程。 放在PHP里,必须用一个循环才能取到这3条记录,如下所示:
PHP代码 复制代码 代码如下: foreach ($pdo->query("SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2") as $row) { $result[] = $row['courses_id']; }
而如果采用GROUP_CONCAT()函数和GROUP BY语句就显得非常简单了,如下所示:
SQL代码 复制代码 代码如下: mysql> SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id; +------------+---------+ | student_id | courses | +------------+---------+ | 2 | 3,4,5 | +------------+---------+ 1 row IN SET (0.00 sec)
这样php里处理就简单了:
PHP代码 复制代码 代码如下: $row = $pdo->query("SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id"); $result = explode(',', $row['courses']);
分隔符还可以自定义,默认是以“,”作为分隔符,若要改为“ |
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